排序方式： 共有98条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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《Ocean Modelling》2004,6(3-4):245-263
Astronomical data reveals that approximately 3.5 terawatts (TW) of tidal energy is dissipated in the ocean. Tidal models and satellite altimetry suggest that 1 TW of this energy is converted from the barotropic to internal tides in the deep ocean, predominantly around regions of rough topography such as mid-ocean ridges. A global tidal model is used to compute turbulent energy levels associated with the dissipation of internal tides, and the diapycnal mixing supported by this energy flux is computed using a simple parameterization.The mixing parameterization has been incorporated into a coarse resolution numerical model of the global ocean. This parameterization offers an energetically consistent and practical means of improving the representation of ocean mixing processes in climate models. Novel features of this implementation are that the model explicitly accounts for the tidal energy source for mixing, and that the mixing evolves both spatially and temporally with the model state. At equilibrium, the globally averaged diffusivity profile ranges from 0.3 cm2 s−1 at thermocline depths to 7.7 cm2 s−1 in the abyss with a depth average of 0.9 cm2 s−1, in close agreement with inferences from global balances. Water properties are strongly influenced by the combination of weak mixing in the main thermocline and enhanced mixing in the deep ocean. Climatological comparisons show that the parameterized mixing scheme results in a substantial reduction of temperature/salinity bias relative to model solutions with either a uniform vertical diffusivity of 0.9 cm2 s−1 or a horizontally uniform bottom-intensified arctangent mixing profile. This suggests that spatially varying bottom intensified mixing is an essential component of the balances required for the maintenance of the ocean’s abyssal stratification. 相似文献
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The pace of Arctic warming is about double that at lower latitudes in the recent decades, a robust phenomenon known as Arctic Amplification (AA), which has become one of the most notable features of climate change. This review summarized the major advances of the mechanism of AA from both local factors and poleward heat transport from lower latitudes. Local factors, including positive ice-albedo feedback and increasing downwelling longwave radiation caused by water vapor and cloud, play an important role in AA. Due to the colder background temperatures and the more stable vertical structure than the lower latitudes, the temperature feedback is therefore positive, which induces the warm signal amplified in the Arctic. The poleward heat transport via atmosphere circulation and ocean currents is also a contributor to AA, and the multidecadal variability in the Pacific, the Atlantic and the tropical Pacific surface temperature are the dominant forcing of the atmosphere circulation. Finally, several issues that remain to be solved were proposed. 相似文献
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雷达资料同化对2016年6月23日阜宁龙卷模拟的改进 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于GSI（Community Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation）同化系统和WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式,探讨了多部多普勒雷达的反射率因子和径向速度资料同化对2016年6月23日江苏阜宁龙卷模拟的改进效果和影响过程。结果表明:（1）仅同化雷达反射率因子和仅同化径向速度均能在一定程度上改进模式对阜宁龙卷及其环境场的模拟,且雷达径向速度同化的改进作用更大;同时同化两种资料改进效果最佳。（2）雷达反射率因子同化是利用复杂云分析技术,直接修正了水凝物含量,增加了潜热释放,对低层大气热力场进行了正温度扰动调整,从而主要改进了初始场的水汽条件和热力条件;而雷达径向速度同化通过三维变分技术直接修正了风场,进而引起水汽输送变化影响水凝物的调整和大气热力场的变化,对初始场的动力条件和热力条件修正较大;同时同化两种资料修正了初始场的动力和热力结构,保证了两者物理上的协调,综合了两者的改进作用,从而取得最佳模拟效果。（3）同时同化雷达反射率因子和径向速度后,模式在阜宁附近模拟出了明显的涡旋结构,尽管涡旋强度和龙卷结构与实况仍有一定差距,但涡旋发生发展过程、路径、地面小时极大风和降水等模拟与实况吻合度均明显高于对照试验。 相似文献
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Acta Geochimica - Asian dust has been identified in subtropical soils of China. Neodymium (Nd) and lead (Pb) elemental and isotopic geochemistry of soils in Southeast China were used to assess the... 相似文献
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利用义乌CFL 03边界层风廓线雷达资料，对浙中地区15次强对流天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：①水平风不仅能提前于天气图数小时获知冷空气入侵，预判强对流的发生，而且通过对低空西南急流尤其是超低空西南急流或偏南急流的研究发现，其对短时暴雨或降雹能提供非常有利的信息，同时任何风向的超低空急流都可以作为判断雷雨大风的依据；②垂直速度和大气折射率结构常数（CN2）的大小能较好地反映降水开始和结束，而降水发生时，功率谱密度表现为正径向速度，谱宽变宽，且各信号形状较为相似；③当径向速度图出现速度模糊现象，尤其是在低层时，地面对应有大风。风廓线雷达资料对强对流天气的发生发展有较可靠的指示意义。结合多普勒雷达资料，可有效加强本地短临预报能力。 相似文献
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为了更好地评价浙江省的气候宜居性,采用气象数据、地理数据和社会经济数据,选取起伏地形下的人体舒适度指数作为气候舒适度评价的指标,选取高温、连阴雨和台风这3个灾害进行多灾种自然灾害综合风险评价,并将舒适度评价和灾害风险评价的结果叠加,最终得到气候宜居性分布结果。结果表明:浙江省大部分地区都处于气候宜居性适宜区,全省气候宜居性以较高等级为主,特别是春季和秋季气象灾害少,气候尤为舒适。省内气候宜居性处于较高和高等级的区域集中分布在北部和中部偏西的平原地区,东部沿海地区气候宜居性尚可但须注意防范气象灾害的发生。气候宜居性适宜区整体上由西南部向东北逐渐递增。 相似文献